Safety attachment for elevators



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

P. J. SINGER.

SAFETY ATTACHMENT FOR ELEVATORS.

No. 277,073. Patented May 8,1883.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. P. J; SINGER.

SAFETY ATTACHMENT FOR ELEVATORS. No. 277,073. Patented May 8,1883.

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SAFETY ATTACHMENT FORYELEVATORS.

Patented May 8-, 1883.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PETER J. SINGER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

SAFETY ATTACHMENT FOR ELEVATORS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 277,073, dated May 8,1883.

Application filed March 22, 1883. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, PETER J. SINGER, residingat Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, and a citizenof the United States, have invented a new and useful Improvement inSafety Attachments for Elevators, of which the followingis a fulldescription, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which-Figure 1 is a side elevation of the safety devices, the cage or platformbeing omitted, except the bar which carries the safety devices, showingalso a governor, partly in section, by

means of which the safety devices are actuated;

Fig. 2, a top or plan view of the parts shown in Fig. 1,with theguide-rails in section; Fig. 3, an enlarged detail, being an end view incross-section of the devices; Figs. 4 and 5, details of the controllingarms or levers by which the safety-cams are operated; Fig. 6, a detailshowing a stirrup and rod for pin to which the hoisting-cable isattached; Fig. 7, a detail showing a modification in the attachment ofthe hoisting-cable; Fig. 8,'a side elevation, showing thecontrolling-levers and devices for operating them applied to the bottomof a cage or platform; Fig. 9, a bottom view of the parts shown in Fig.8; Fig. 10, a cross-section through the bottom of the cage or platformof Fig. 8; Figs. 11 and 12, details of the controlling-levers in theform of construction shown in Figs. 8 and 9; Fig. 13, a detail showing arod or pin and its stirrup, to which the hoisting-cable is attached inthe form of construction of Fig. 8; Fig. 14, a side elevation, showinganother form and arrangementfor operating the devices when applied tothe bottom of the cage or platform Fig. 15, a bottom view of thecontrolling-lever and devices shown in Fig. 14.; Fig. 16, across-section on linew w of Fig. 15.

This invention relates to safety attachments to be applied to elevatorsfor the purpose of arresting or stopping the descent of the cage orplatform in case of breakage of the rope or cable, or of the slacking ofsuch cable for any cause, and has for its object to construct and applya safety attachment which can be readily applied to elevators of theordinary construction, and which, when applied, will perform the work ofarresting or stopping the descent of the cage or platform, in case ofany defect either in the hoisting-cable or from other cause, in areliable and positive manner when needed and this object is accomplishedby the mechanism illustrated and hereinafter described, and specificallypointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, Arepresents the guide rails or bars on which the cageor platform rides in ascending and descending.

B is the frame supporting the bottom of the cage or platform.

B is a central cross-bar, on.which the safety attachment is supportedwhen such attachment is applied to the 'bottom of the cage or platform.

G is the upper or top bar of the cage or plat form.

D represents brace-bars connecting the bottom with the upper frame-workof the cage or platform.

The parts represented by the letters A, B, B, O,'and D may be of theform of construction and arrangement shown in the several figures, or ofsuch other of the usual and wellknown forms as may be desired, and inpractice eitherthe top and bottom pieces or the frame-work is to beprovided with the usual forks or guides for straddling or forking theguide-rails and maintaining the cage in position in ascending anddescending, and, if desired, the top piece, 0, may have end bars orpieces--one attached to each end-forforming the upper frame-work.

E is a hoisting-cable operating in the usual manner.

F is a sliding pin or rod, the upper end of which has an eye or loop, a,for the attachment of the hoisting-cable.

G is a stirrup or arch, attached in any suitable manner to the upperbar, 0, of the cage or platform in the form of construction shown inFig. 1, through the top or upper cross-bar of which the pin or rod Fpasses, the pin or rod also passing through the cross-bar O, and

having at its lower end a nut or washer, c,

which, when the hoisting rope or cable is taut, comes iucontact with theunder face of the bar 0 and furnishes the means for raising the cage orplatform. This stirrup G may be formed as shown in Figs. land 6; or itmay IOO be formed as shown in Fig. 7, in which last case the side barscome together at their upper ends, and are formed into an eye or loop,a, for the attachment of the cable, the side bars passing through guidesb on the side of the beam 0, and at their lower ends is a cross bar orplate, 0, held in position by nuts or washers c on the end of the sidearms of the fork or stirrup. When made as shown in Fig; 7 the rod orbolt F can be dispensed with, as the stirrup or fork performs the officeof the rod or bolt, the side arms sliding in the guides 11, and thecross-bar c comingtin contact with the under face of the bar 0 forlifting purposes.

H is a coil-spring located, as shown in Fig. 6, between the collar b onthe rod or pin F and the top of the arch or stirrup G, and, as shown inFig. 7, between the guides I) and the cross-platec on each side arm ofthe stirrup or arch G. This spring H, when the cable'is taut or inworking condition, is compressed and non-acting; but in case of breakageof the cable or other defect the spring will act and throw the rod orpin F down, or, where the stirrup G is used, throw such stirrup down.

I is an arm or lever pivoted, at or near its center, in cars or abracket, 0, located on the top of the bar 0, as shown in Fig. 1, andhaving at its forward end a fork, d, which straddles the pin or rod F,the fork coming immediately below and in contact with the collar 1) onthe rod or pin F.

J is an arm or lever pivoted a little back of its center, as shown inFig. 1, between ears or a bracket, f, on a frame, 9, which supports aball-governor, the rear end of the lever J projecting within the framesufficiently far to pass beyond the center of the governor. The forwardend of this arm or lever J has a crosshead, J, in each end of which isaslot or o'pening, h, as shown in Fig. 5, and this forward end of thelever J projects over the rear end of the lever I, as shown in Fig. 1.

K are arms or levers to be used in the forms of construction shown onSheetl of the drawings-one on each side of the bar 0. The upper ends ofthese arms or levers K pass into the slots or openings h in therespective ends of the cross-head J, by which means they are held in anupright or vertical position.

L areshafts-one on each side of the bar G supported at each end insuitable boxes or bearings, j, secured to the sides of the bar 0. Eachshaft has secured thereto in a firm manner one of the arms or levers K,the attachment being made by a set-screw or other suitable means whichwill enable the arms or levers to perform the office of holding theshafts in position to have the clamp-eccentrics 'clear the guide-railswhen the elevator is working properly.

M are the clamping-eccentrics, secured in any firm manner, one to eachouter end of the rods or shafts L, so as to bring an eccentric on eachside of each guide-rail, as shown in Fig.2, and in such relation to theguide-rail as to be held clear thereof, or be brought in contacttherewith by rocking and holding the shaft L in the proper direction. Asshown, these eccentrics have a serrated edge or face, k, on that portionwhich engages with the guide-rails, for the purpose of producing afirmer and stronger bite when the eccentrics are brought into action tostop the descent of the cage or platform. The shafts L are held to havethe eccentrics clear the guide-rails by the arms or levers K, and theyare rotated or turned to throw the eccentrics into contact with theguide-rails by means of springs *5, consisting of two coiled portionsand a connecting portion, t", which passes back of the lever K on theshaft to which the spring is applied, the coiled portion of. the springbeing around the shaft, and the outer ends being secured, or connected,or in contact with the cross-bar G.

In place of using the coil-springs, as shown, a flat spring could beused; or balls or weights could be applied to the outer end of the armsor levers in such manner as to force the arms or levers down whenreleased from the crosshead J, the balls or weights being applied to thelevers so as to come below the crosshead J.

The devices so far described are intended to be applied to the upperbar, (J, or top of the cage or platform, and, as is shown in Fig. 1, agovernor consisting ofa headm, having ajournal or bearing, a, mounted inan extension, g, of the frame 9, and having at its lower end agear-wheel, n, the head it having pivoted thereto the balls 0, the stemsor shanks of which are provided each with a cam or head, 0, which. comesin contact with the upper end of a sliding pin, 19, which works in thebearing at, the lower end of which pin 1) is in contact with the rearend of the lever J. Motion is imparted to the head n and balls 0 by theengagement of the gear-wheel q with the gearwheel a, the wheel q beingsecured to the end of a shaft, q, which has its hearings in a head orarm, 9, on the frame g, which shaft (1 has on its outer end a pulley, q,which runs on the safety cord or chain, or otherwise, to give thenecessary rotation of the shaft q to actuate the governor.

The operation is as follows: In case the ca ble breaks'or becomes slackor otherwise inoperative, the spring Hacts to throw the pin or rod F orthe stirrup or arch G down, and this descent of the pin or the stirrupthrough the collar Z), or the upper portion of the stirrup G, whichbeing in contact with the inner end of the lever I, forces such end downand hoisting-cable remains intact, and too great a speed is imparted tothe cage or platform from any other cause,such increased speed willoparm or levers K, and allowing the shafts to crate the ball-governorand cause the pin 19 to ernor.' The operation of this form of construe--descend, forcing the rear end of the lever J down, raising thecross-head J, releasing the be rotated by the action of the springs'i orother means, forcing the eccentrics into engagement with the side rail.By this arrangement it will be seen that in case the cable is'non-acting, or the cage has too much speed from other cause, theeccentrics are at once thrown into engagement with the guide-rails bythe releasingv of the arms or levers K through either the lever I or thelever J.

As shown on Sheet 2 of the drawings, the levers I and J are applied tothe bottom of the cage or elevator, and used in connection with twocables instead of one, the cables passing down through the elevator orcage-one on each sideand being attached to sliding pins or rods F, whichpass through a cross-beam, B, of the bottom of the cage, and through astirrup, G, secured to the under side of such crosssill B. The outer endof each lever is forked, and straddles its respective pin F above thecollar 1) on such pin, and the spring H is located between the end ofthe lever and the under side of the sill or beam 13. The levers are eachpivoted in suitable ears or brackets, 0, each depending from the underside of the sill or beam B, and their inner ends are arranged to havethe end of the lever I come beneath the end of the le- .ver J, the leverJ havinga cross-head, J, with openings h to receive and hold the arms orlevers K, as before described,snch arms or levers being secured to theshafts L, having eccentrics M.

Theoperation ofthe devices shown on Sheet2 is essentially the same asthat already described for the device of Sheet 1, except that noballgovernor is used, and each lever I J is operated by its spring Hthrough the breakage, slack, or other defect in the cable on eitherside, the cross-head J, being thrown up,releasing the arms or levers Kand allowing the cocentrics to be forced into contact with theguiderails by the action of the spring -i or other devices.

Where a single hoisting-cable is used, and it is desired to apply theclamping-eccentrics to the bottom of the cage or platform, it can bedone in the manner shown on Sheet3 of the drawings, in which case thelever J is pivoted between ears or a hanger, c, and thecrosshead engagesthe arms or levers K, as already described. The rear end of the lever isconnected with a sliding rod, N, the upper end of which rod is connectedwith a rocking arm or lever, O, the inner end, m, of which leverO isturned or bent upward, and is pivoted between ears or brackets e. Asecond arm or lever, P, at its forward end, comes in contact with theturned end or of the lever U, and may be also connected with such lever0 forward of the pivotal point. This lever]? extends back and comesbeneath the spring H, and its rear end lies in contact with the pin 12of the ball-govtion is the same, substantially, as the operationdescribed in the devices on Sheet 1. In case of breakage or slack of thecable, the spring H acts, forcing down the lever P, raising the forwardend of the lever 0, and with it the rod N, which raises the inner endofthe lever J, throwing down the cross-head J, and releasing the arm orlever K; and in case of too great speed the governor acts and forcesdown the inner end'of the lever P by the pin p, raising the forward endof the lever O, and with it the rod N, which also raises the outer endof the lever J, throwing down the crosshead J, and releasing the arms orlevers K.

As shown, double sets of eccentrics are provided, with actuating devicestherewith; but it is evident that one set could be used, working inconnection with sliding guides or brakeshoes on the opposite side of theguide-rail,

and that, instead ofusing two shafts L, a single-shaft with eccentricscould be used with beneficial and good results, and instead of mountingthese shafts on the sides of the bars 0 they could be mounted inbearings secured to the under side of such bar 0, and projecting out ina proper manner. alone could be used for throwing the arms or levers Kdown; or weights only could be used, or both weights and springs, if sodesired.

The arrangement shown on Sheet 2 of the clamping-cams below the cage orplatform could be operated, where a single cable is used extending fromrod to rod.

By using two levers, I J, as shown and described, it will be seen thatbut very little movement of cither'lever is required to operate the clampin g-eccentrios, as the arms or levers K, which hold the eccentrics outof contact, are held just sufficiently by the crosshead J to preventthem from becoming displaced in the ordinary working of the elevator,and consequently a very slight movement of the levers I J, or either ofthem, will throw the cross-head out of engagement with the arms orlevers, allowing them to fall and throw the eccentrics into engagement,the result be ing a very quick and positive stoppage of the cage orplatform.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure. by Letters Patent, is-

1.- In a safety attachment for elevators, a lifting or controlling leverpivotally supported, and having at one end a cross-head, in combinationwith a secondary lever adapted to come in contact with thelifting-lever, and means for operating either lever, substantially asdescribed.

2. The combination of the lifting or controlling lever pivotallysupported, and provided at one end with a cross-head, with a secondaryThe springs '5 IlO lever, and means for operating either lever, I andone or more eccentrics adapted to come in contact with a rail or baroperated from the cross-head of the lifting or controlling lever,substantially as specified.

3. The combination of a lifting or controllinglever pivotally supported,and provided at one end With a cross-head, with one or more eccentricsadapted to operate on a rail or bar, one or more rock-shafts connectedwith the eccentrics, and connecting devices between the rock-shaft andthe cross-head on the lifting or controlling lever, a secondary leverengaging with the cross-head, and means for operatingeither lever,substantially as described.

means for operating either lever, substantially 2 5 as specified.

PETER J. SINGER. Witnesses:

O. W. BOND, ALBERT H. ADAMS.

